The most important outcome is that trees are separated without growing into one another.
Light is also a nutrient.
Every tree and every branch needs its own light and its own space.
Focus on removing shorter layers close to structural branches that sag and intercept light when bearing fruit.
The end goal is to only have three structural branches.
Right after pruning it might not be attractive, but don’t be deterred. If we take the central leader out, it will make it favourable to select structural branches.
Only one vigorous lateral leader should be eliminated per season. If there are non-vigorous branches, those additional to three designated structural branches can be eliminated in one season.
If a central leader is present, it should only be removed by tipping the top 33%. Any more aggressive pruning results in sun damage.
Tree height is determined by the inter-row width. It should be limited to 70% of the row width but could even be less as the maximum manageable tree height in any scenario is 4,2 m.
Planting densities are determined by tree vigour, climate and soil quality.
Drier regions and marginal quality soil can sustain greater tree densities than warm, humid regions with high-potential soils.
